BATCHULUUN MUNKHCHIMEG

Analyzing the Impact of BRT Implementation on Traffic Congestion in Ulaanbaatar Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation

Kazushi SANO

 In, Ulaanbaatar, rapid urbanization and the increasing rate of private car ownership have led to severe traffic congestion, highlighting the need for an efficient public transportation system. Compared to subways and light rail transit (LRT), Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) offers advantages in cost and infrastructure, making it a potential solution. Addressing this issue, this study analyzes the impact of implementing a BRT system in Ulaanbaatar using micro traffic simulation. Specifically, it evaluates how traffic flow would change when one lane of an existing three-lane road is converted into a dedicated BRT lane. Drawing on successful cases from other cities, this research explores the potential benefits of BRT in improving traffic conditions by enhancing travel speed and punctuality.
 Firstly, four-step estimation method was used to forecast traffic demand. Secondly, a logit model was used to estimate changes in transportation mode choices before and after the introduction of BRT. The results indicate that private vehicle usage would decrease by 14.9% after BRT implementation, while the proportion of BRT users would reach 37.4%. Thirdly, a micro traffic simulation is performed by using Aimsun software to evaluate traffic flow changes in detail. The findings reveal that overall traffic delay time would be reduced by 32.3% with bus delays decreased by 44.5%. Furthermore, overall traffic density would decline by 63.7%, suggesting that BRT implementation would significantly improve traffic flow. These results in overall confirms that BRT adoption would encourage public transportation use and help alleviate congestion. Based on the findings of this study, BRT implementation is expected to have a positive impact on reducing traffic congestion in Ulaanbaatar.