Kanako SATO

A Study on Policies for Suppressing Automobile Commuting During Heavy Snowfall Based on the Social Dilemma

Kazushi SANO

In recent years, the risk of large-scale vehicle congestion due to heavy snowfall has increased, posing serious threats to human safety. To mitigate such risks, controlling traffic volume is crucial. However, existing measures, such as advising the public to refrain from non-essential travel, have proven insufficient. This study highlights the necessity of targeted policies based on trip purposes, with a particular focus on suppressing commuter traffic.
The most effective countermeasure is for employees to stay home (i.e., temporary workplace closure). However, this presents operational challenges for businesses, forcing them to decide whether to continue or suspend workplace attendance. This study analyzes commuting behavior during the heavy snowfall event of December 2022, proposing solutions based on social dilemma theory and assessing their feasibility.
The analysis revealed that even under a heavy snow warning, over 90% of workers still commuted. There was no significant variation in commuting behavior based on individual or employment attributes, but many adjusted their commuting time instead of canceling their commute altogether. Factors influencing commuting decisions included employer instructions: when companies allowed employees to decide independently, they were more likely to refrain from commuting. Conversely, short commuting distances and automobile use increased the likelihood of commuting.
Further analysis indicated that more than half of workplaces were reluctant to restrict car commuting. However, businesses with Business Continuity Plans (BCPs) showed a higher inclination toward restricting vehicle use. Moreover, implementing telework was found to enhance the feasibility of proposed measures. Notably, policies with enforceable restrictions or financial incentives were more effective.
These findings suggest that suppressing automobile commuting during heavy snowfall requires strengthened corporate policies and government interventions, emphasizing telework adoption, clear corporate guidelines, and inter-organizational cooperation.