Tetsurou TANAKA
Numerical simulation of Avalanche dynamics Based on Shallow Water Approximation
Tokuzo HOSOYAMADA
In Japan-sea side of Honshu island in Japan, every year, avalanche disasters occur from mid winter to spring. Understanding basic mechanics of avalanche is important to mitigate such disasters. Numerical simulation of the avalanche motion is also important to predict hazardous area of avalanche. The hazard map can be made by the results of avalanche simulation model. However, many of numerical models are complex hypothesis and has many sophisticated parameters. The purpose of this study is making a high resolution avalanche simulation model with minimum number of parameters.
Shallow water hypothesis is used to simplify treatment of snow pressure acting on avalanche. And, some equations were added additionally to consider snow resuspension and deposition. The large-scale avalanche that had been generated in Gihu Prefecture Samata valley in March, 2000 was simulated by this model. The validity of the model was examined from the simulation results. The avalanche simulation model proposed by this study agrees well with observed data. The simulation results show that regions of acceleration and deceleration are showen clearly. The influence by various state variations of the avalanche can be evaluated by this numerical model accurately
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